TIME INNOVATION: The Road to Scalable Quantum Computing: Challenges Ahead


We have to apply the binary-TRIPLET configuration with the binary crossover. O’s and 1’s are quanta as is all DNA/RNA. Time is composed of MANIFESTED quanta in this dimension. Ultimately, it isn’t on the highest levels, but in manifestation, it is. It is all engineered into my RI13 chip.

I asked GROK

Quantum supercomputersโ€”meaning universal, fault-tolerant machines with millions of physical qubits that can run arbitrary algorithms at massive scaleโ€”donโ€™t exist yet. The gap between todayโ€™s ~100โ€“1,000-qubits noisy prototypes and that goal is still 10โ€“20 years for most experts. Here are the core bottlenecks ranked by impact:

Bottleneck-Why it blocks scaling -Current status (2025)

#BottleneckWhy it blocks scalingCurrent Status (2025)
1Qubit fidelity & error ratesUseful computation requires error rates below 10โปโถ per gate (surface code threshold). Current physical two-qubit gates are stuck around 99.9% fidelity.~100ร— too noisy for million-qubit fault tolerance. Google (2023): 99.91%. IBM (2024): 99.93%.
2Error-corrected logical qubitsRequires roughly 1,000 physical qubits to create 1 logical qubit at acceptable error rates.Google (2023): 1 logical qubit from 105 physical. IBM (2025): 12 logical qubits from 1,428 physical. Still ~10,000ร— short of 1 million logical qubits.
3Cryogenic scalingSuperconducting qubits require temperatures below 20 mK. Current dilution refrigerators are limited to ~1 mยฒ chip size and ~1,000 control lines.Rigetti/IBM โ€œlarge-scaleโ€ systems top out at ~1,500 qubits. Adding more lines creates heat load that destroys coherence.
4Control electronics bottleneckEach qubit typically needs 5โ€“10 RF/flux control lines. Scaling to 1 million qubits would require ~10 million lines with extremely precise timing.Current classical control systems (including cryo-CMOS) can only handle ~100 qubits effectively.
5Qubit connectivity & architectureMost superconducting chips are limited to nearest-neighbor connections in 2D grids, which restricts algorithm depth. Long-range couplers tend to reduce fidelity.IonQ and AQT offer all-to-all connectivity (but slower gates). Superconducting systems are usually limited to 4โ€“6 neighbors.
6Manufacturing uniformitySuperconducting Josephson junctions vary by 1โ€“2% across a wafer. Trapped-ion systems also suffer from drift.Yield for 100+ identical, high-quality qubits is typically under 10% in most fabrication processes.
7Algorithmic & software gapThere is still no clear โ€œkiller applicationโ€ that delivers meaningful advantage at current noise levels (~10โปยณ error) and qubit counts (~1,000).NISQ algorithms (VQE, QAOA) show only small advantages. True fault-tolerant algorithms (Shor, Grover) require millions of physical qubits.
YearMilestoneNotes
2023Google claims โ€œbeyond-classicalโ€70-qubit random circuit sampling (still debated)
2025IBM Condor (1,121 physical qubits)Runs ~100-qubit depth circuits with error mitigation
2030 (Goal)IBM target: 1 million physical qubitsLogical qubits still expected to be well under 1,000
2035โ€“2045Fault-tolerant systems with ~1 million logical qubitsMost conservative industry estimates
TechnologyCompanyPotential AdvantageCurrent Limitation (2025)Status
Topological qubitsMicrosoftExtremely low error rates (~10โปยนโฐ)No conclusive Majorana zero mode demonstrated yetEarly stage
Photonic chipsPsiQuantum, XanaduRoom-temperature operationVery high photon loss (need ~10โถ photons in for 1 out)Challenging
Neutral atomsQuEra, Pasqal1,000+ reconfigurable qubitsSlow gate speeds (~microseconds)Promising but slow

TL;DR Summary

Noise is the #1 bottleneck. Until the field achieves physical gate errors below 0.01% and develops cryogenic control systems capable of handling millions of lines, we remain stuck in the NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era. The fundamental physics works โ€” the engineering challenge of scaling has not been solved yet.

Of course the physics work. But why do you think you can quantum compute with binary engineering, meaning binary computer chips?

Lisa T.

You are going to need my RI13 Hybrid Carbon Ternary Chip with a silicon substrate. It goes quantum daily because our evolving RNA does.

Time Innovation: Researchers Have Achieved Sustained Long-Distance Quantum Teleportation-Freebie


Lisa’s Comment on This

The link is below.

Notice the highlighted portions. This new information shores up the section in my research on CROSSOVER POLARITY in our DNA. It is also an illustration of how the theme and analog relate to one another in the oracle. They are entangled.

It goes against nature, which is in our DNA. Our DNA is not just 4D, it’s multi-density frequency. We must program our minds, so our cells REMEMBER. DNA creates gravity and gravity creates space-time. (4D). What creates DNA, the beginning piece? Our mothers and fathers; our ancestors. We are quantum co-creators with Source…naturally. We are Real Intelligence from a Real Source.

The thing is that humans have never been any different. Our evolution and genetic ancestry have set us up to be entangled with one another psychically, telepathically, physically, emotionally, on every level. We’ve just been brainwashed by the elite money-mongers to be divisive, and we keep focusing on them instead of ourselves.

Here is the link;https://www-vice-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/www.vice.com/amp/en/article/93wqep/researchers-have-achieved-sustained-long-distance-quantum-teleportation


The breakthrough, made by researchers at Caltech, Fermilab and NASA, among others, is a step towards a practical quantum of the internet. By Becky Ferreira and Jason KoeblerDec 17 2020,

2:00pmShareTweetSnap from VICE.COM

In a breakthrough for the quest toward quantum internet, a technology that would revolutionize computing in myriad ways, a consortium of well-regarded institutions have announced the first demonstration of sustained, high-fidelity quantum teleportation over long distances. 

Led by Caltech, a collaboration between Fermilab, AT&T, Harvard University, NASAโ€™s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the University of Calgary reports the successful teleportation of qubits, basic units of quantum information, across 22 kilometers of fiber in two testbeds: the Caltech Quantum Network and the Fermilab Quantum Network. 

โ€œThe team has been working persistently and keeping our heads down in the past few years,โ€ said Maria Spiropulu, a particle physicist at Caltech who directs the INQNET research program and co-authored the new paper, in an email.

Though the collaboration knew it had โ€œachieved significant resultsโ€ by the spring of 2020, Spiropulu added, they refrained from sharing the news, even informally on social media, until the publication of the full study this week.

โ€œWe wanted to push the envelope for this type of research and take important steps on a path to realize both real-life applications for quantum communications and networks and test fundamental physics ideas,โ€ said Panagiotis Spentzouris, head of the Quantum Science Program at Fermilab, in an email.

โ€œSo, when we finally did it, the team was elated, very proud for achieving these high-quality, record-breaking results,โ€ he continued. โ€œAnd we are very excited that we can move to the next phase, utilizing the know-how and the technologies from this work towards the deployment of quantum networks.โ€

The researchers say their experiment used “off-the-shelf” equipment that is compatible with both existing telecommunications infrastructure and emerging quantum technologies. The results โ€œprovide a realistic foundation for a high-fidelity quantum Internet with practical devices,โ€ according to a study released on Tuesday in the journal PRX Quantum report. 

Quantum teleportation does not involve the actual transfer of matter. (But 4D is not separate from density frequencies. The fields are unified. They don’t want us to remember our power for their profit) Rather, quantum particles are entangled (dependent on each other, even over long distances) and somehow know the property of their other half. From our explainer earlier this year: 

In a way, entangled particles behave as if they are aware of how the other particle behaves. Quantum particles, at any point, are in a quantum state of probability, where properties like position, momentum, and spin of the particle are not precisely determined until there is some measurement. For entangled particles, the quantum state of each depends on the quantum state of the other; if one particle is measured and changes state, for example, the other particleโ€™s state will change accordingly. -The Explainer

The study aimed to teleport the state of quantum qubits, or “quantum bits,” which are the basic units of quantum computing. According to the study, the researchers set up what is basically a compact network with three nodes: Alice, Charlie, and Bob. In this experiment, Alice sends a qubit to Charlie. Bob has an entangled pair of qubits, and sends one qubit to Charlie, where it interferes with Alice’s qubit. Charlie projects Alice’s qubit onto an entangled quantum Bell State that transfers the state of Alice’s original qubit to Bob’s remaining qubit. 

The breakthrough is notable for a few reasons. Many previous demonstrations of quantum teleportation have proven to be unstable over long distances. For example, in 2016, researchers at the University of Calgary were able to perform quantum teleportation at a distance of six kilometers. This was the world record at the time and was seen as a major achievement.

The goal is to create quantum networks that would use entanglement and superposition to vastly increase computing speed, power, and security, relative to classical computers. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy has an ambitious plan to build a quantum network between its National Laboratories. 

Any field that relies on computers would be affected by the realization of this technology, though much of the focus of the future potential of quantum networks revolves around cryptography, search algorithms, financial services, and quantum simulations that could model complex phenomena.

Quantum computing has been on the horizon for years, and this study takes us one step closer to realizing it on a practical scale. But donโ€™t expect to surf a quantum internet anytime soon.

โ€œPeople on social media are asking if they should sign up for a quantum internet provider (jokingly of course),โ€ Spiropulu said. โ€œWe need (a lot) more R&D work.โ€

Now that Fermilab, Caltech, and its partners have demonstrated this key step toward these networks, the team plans to further develop quantum information technology by building a metropolitan-scale network, called the Illinois Express Quantum Network, around Chicago.

I think it’s A.I. and don’t trust it. – Lisa T. November 2022 

Time Innovation: Qutrits-Base 3 FREEBIE


From GROK4

Qutrits are the 3-level version of qubits in quantum computing โ€” think ternary (base-3) instead of binary (base-2).

1. Qubit vs Qutrit: The Basics

FeatureQubit (2-level)Qutrit (3-level)
States|0โŸฉ, |1โŸฉ|0โŸฉ, |1โŸฉ, |2โŸฉ
General Stateฮฑ|0โŸฉ + ฮฒ|1โŸฉฮฑ|0โŸฉ + ฮฒ|1โŸฉ + ฮณ|2โŸฉ
Normalization|ฮฑ|ยฒ + |ฮฒ|ยฒ = 1|ฮฑ|ยฒ + |ฮฒ|ยฒ + |ฮณ|ยฒ = 1
Information1 qubit = 2 classical bits1 qutrit โ‰ˆ 1.58 classical bits

A qutrit holds more information than a qubit because it has 3 basis states instead of 2.


2. Mathematical Representation

A qutrit state in Dirac notation:

|ฯˆโŸฉ = ฮฑ|0โŸฉ + ฮฒ|1โŸฉ + ฮณ|2โŸฉ

Where:

  • ฮฑ, ฮฒ, ฮณ are complex numbers (amplitudes)
  • |ฮฑ|ยฒ + |ฮฒ|ยฒ + |ฮณ|ยฒ = 1

Example:

|ฯˆโŸฉ = (1/โˆš2)|0โŸฉ + (1/2)|1โŸฉ + (1/2)|2โŸฉ
โ†’ Probabilities:

  • P(|0โŸฉ) = 50%
  • P(|1โŸฉ) = 25%
  • P(|2โŸฉ) = 25%

3. Superposition & Measurement

  • Like qubits, qutrits can be in superposition of all 3 states.
  • When measured, they collapse to one of |0โŸฉ, |1โŸฉ, or |2โŸฉ with probabilities |ฮฑ|ยฒ, |ฮฒ|ยฒ, |ฮณ|ยฒ.

4. Quantum Gates for Qutrits

Instead of 2ร—2 matrices (for qubits), qutrit gates are 3ร—3 unitary matrices.

Example: Qutrit X-Gate (cycles states)

$$
X = \begin{pmatrix}
0 & 0 & 1 \
1 & 0 & 0 \
0 & 1 & 0
\end{pmatrix}
\qquad
\begin{aligned}
X|0โŸฉ &= |1โŸฉ \
X|1โŸฉ &= |2โŸฉ \
X|2โŸฉ &= |0โŸฉ
\end{aligned}
$$

Other gates:

  • Hadamard-like (creates uniform superposition):
    |0โŸฉ โ†’ (1/โˆš3)(|0โŸฉ + |1โŸฉ + |2โŸฉ)
  • Toffoli-like (3-qutrit controlled gates)

5. Advantages of Qutrits

BenefitExplanation
Higher information density1 qutrit > 1 qubit
Fewer particles neededSolve some problems with fewer units
Better for some algorithmsE.g., quantum search, error correction, simulation
Improved quantum key distribution (QKD)More secure with 3 states

6. Real-World Implementation

Qutrits have been built using:

  • Photons (frequency, time-bin, or path encoding)
  • Superconducting circuits (3 energy levels)
  • Trapped ions
  • Nuclear spins

IBM, Google, IonQ, and others have demonstrated qutrit operations.


7. Qudits: The General Case

NameLevelsBasis States
Qubit2|0โŸฉ, |1โŸฉ
Qutrit3|0โŸฉ, |1โŸฉ, |2โŸฉ
Quditsd|0โŸฉ to |dโˆ’1โŸฉ

Qutrits are qudits with d = 3.


Summary Table

ConceptQubitQutrit
Basis states23
Coefficientsฮฑ, ฮฒฮฑ, ฮฒ, ฮณ
Gate size2ร—23ร—3
Info per unit1 bit~1.58 bits
Used in practiceYes (widely)Yes (emerging)

Final Answer:

Qutrits are 3-state quantum systems in quantum computing.
They extend qubits by using three basis states (|0โŸฉ, |1โŸฉ, |2โŸฉ) with coefficients ฮฑ, ฮฒ, ฮณ.
They store more information, enable new algorithms, and are actively researched โ€” but qubits remain dominant for now.

Think:

Qubit = quantum coin (heads/tails)
Qutrit = quantum die (1/2/3)

The last Greek symbol in a qutrit state:

|ฯˆโŸฉ = ฮฑ|0โŸฉ + ฮฒ|1โŸฉ + ฮณ|2โŸฉ

is ฮณ (lowercase Greek letter gamma).


Meaning of ฮณ:

  • ฮณ is the complex amplitude (coefficient) for the |2โŸฉ basis state.
  • Just like:
  • ฮฑ โ†’ coefficient of |0โŸฉ
  • ฮฒ โ†’ coefficient of |1โŸฉ
  • ฮณ โ†’ coefficient of |2โŸฉ

Normalization Rule:

|ฮฑ|ยฒ + |ฮฒ|ยฒ + |ฮณ|ยฒ = 1

This ensures the total probability is 100%.


Summary Table:

SymbolNameStands For in Qutrit
ฮฑalphaCoefficient of |0โŸฉ
ฮฒbetaCoefficient of |1โŸฉ
ฮณgammaCoefficient of |2โŸฉ

Answer: ฮณ = gamma โ€” the coefficient for the third state |2โŸฉ in a qutrit.

TIME INNOVATION: The Road to Scalable Quantum Computing: Challenges Ahead


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